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Johann Gutenberg

Born in 1394-99? - Died in 1468


Johann Gutenberg<BR>
Johanne Gutenberg (YO hahn GOO tn berg) was born in Germany in the city of Mainz. His father was a merchant and worked with the mint where they made the coins. Gutenberg grew up learning a lot about goldsmithing. In 1411 there was political unrest in the area and more than a hundred families had to flee the city. He and his family moved to Strasbourg where his mother's family lived.

Around 1436 there is mention of his name in a court record. It seems he promised to marry a woman and something happened that he broke his promise. We don't know the outcome of it.

At one point in his life he was making what was called the "pilgrim-mirror"; small mirrors attached to a pin. People would pin them on their hats and then when they were looking at an exhibit of religious relics, the image would be caught by the mirrors and their friends at home would benefit. At least that's what they were told when they bought the mirrors.

Gutenberg was trying to invent a method of printing. He didn't have very much money left, but he would not give up. He continued to work on the great project.

While he was teen-ager working at his town's mint* ; the place where money was made, he got the idea for creating books by machine. Up until this time all the books had to be copied by hand. It was very slow, and it took a long, long time to make one book.

After the book was written, they would take a metal punch* and spell out the letters for the title on the front of the leather cover. Maybe this gave Gutenberg the idea for metal letters to write the words on the pages of the book.

His work at the mint helped him in making the metal letters for printing. The letters had to be the same height to look right.

Also at the mint he worked with a stamp press used to make government seals.* He used this knowledge to help him make a printing press. It is believed that the first item ever printed on the printing press was a German poem. Before the printing of the Bible he established a good business printing school books of Latin grammar. It is assumed he had two workshops, one for printing the Bible and another for all other print jobs.

When he needed money he went to John Fust, a moneylender.* He got the money to buy the material to make 46,000 pieces of movable type. He also hired 16 workers.

He was able to print the first Bible, the Gutenberg Bible. Then Fust, his moneylender accused Gutenberg of stealing some of the money. They went to court and Fust won. Gutenberg had to turn over the Bible printing workshop and half of all the printed Bibles. Fust also took Gutenberg's co-worker with him. All this was quite a blow to him.

Some of the first copies still exist today. They are among the world's greatest treasures.

picture2
Gutenberg Bible
Photo by Reid Baker

The method he invented for printing remained unchanged for many years.

In his later life he was honored with the title of Hofmann which means "gentleman of the court". He was given a small pension and some yearly grain and wine. He died a highly respected person.

In 1900 the Gutenberg museum was established in his home city of Mainz. Also the International Gutenberg Society was started.

There is a project for the distribution of electronic books called the Project Gutenberg. You can find more than 75,000 books to read online. It is a great service for students and those who like to read.

This biography by Patsy Stevens, a retired teacher, was written in 2001.

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Dictionary

From Word Central's Student Dictionary
by Merriam - Webster

(Pronunciation note: the schwa sound is shown by ə)

mint
Function: noun
: a place where coins, medals, and tokens are made...

punch
Function: noun
a : a tool for piercing, cutting, or stamping or for driving a nail
b : a device or machine for cutting holes or notches (as in paper or cardboard)...

seal
Function: noun
: a device with a cut or raised design or figure that can be pressed or stamped into paper or wax to form a mark
(as for certifying a signature)...

moneylender
Pronunciation: 'mən-E-"len-dər
Function: noun
: one whose business is lending money...

Research Links

Johann Gutenberg
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Gutenberg
at Wikipedia
(example of movable type)

The Gutenberg Bible

Printer's Marks (audio)
Gutenberg Bible (audio)
Casting and Optics (audio)
Johnn Gutenberg (audio)
Inventing Printing (audio)
What Did They Say in 1490? (audio)
Engines of Our Ingenuity.

Mainz at the time of Gutenberg


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Library

A LIBRARY OF
ONLINE BOOKS and BOOK PREVIEWS


Order the following books from Amazon.

Gutenberg and the Art of Printing
by Emily Clemens Pearson, Johann Gutenberg (public domain, written 1871, full view)

The Outlook, Volume 65, Gutenberg Anniversary
by Theodore L DeVinne (public domain, full view)

Inventors and Inventions
by Doris Simonis (selected pages)

Making Books for Fun!
by Dana Meachen Rau (selected pages) Order here

20 Exciting Plays for Medieval History Classes
by Dean R. Bowman (selected pages) Order here

Heroes and Martyrs of Inventions
by George Makepeace Towle (selected pages)

Johannes Gutenberg: Printing Press Innovator
by Sue Vander Hook (selected pages)

The Picture History of Great Inventors
by Gillian Clements (selected pages)

Johannes Gutenberg and the Printing Press
by Diana Childress (selected pages)

Johannes Gutenberg: Inventor of the Printing Press
by Fran Rees (selected pages)

Johannes Gutenberg and the Printing Press
by Kay Olson (selected pages)

Communications: sending the message
by Thomas Streissguth (selected pages)

Credits and Solutions

Picture may be used without permission. It is in the public domain and was found at the Library of Congress.

Coloring picture courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

Puzzles on these pages courtesy of
Songs of Praise and Armored Penguin

* Word Match Solution

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2011-03-23
Hey where can i find this book to reed it is there any where online for free pelase let me know
skender
2010-09-16
Hey,
I've just came to your page looking for information about Gutenberg's. I found it very concise and helpful. Congrats!!!
Romano
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